The Kingdom of Swaziland with a population of a million people carries a terrible burden: the world’s highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) superimposed with high levels of co-infection with HIV. A major challenge is the early detection of people with TB: WHO estimates that around 47% of people with TB in the country are not detected or notified.

Late detection of TB increases the risk of disease transmission, poor health outcomes and economic hardship. Although early diagnosis of TB and completion of treatment regimens is key, challenges include length of treatment, side-effects, difficulty in accessing health facilities, poverty and costs of transportation.