Ethics are concerned with moral principles, values, and professional conducts that are in alignment with the best available standards. Health care raises numerous ethical concerns, related to, for example, health care delivery, professional integrity, data handling, and the use of human subjects in research.
Many countries in the Region are host to a large number of clinical trials, particularly in the areas of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other infectious diseases. This research involves the participation of thousands of volunteers, many of whom are vulnerable due to high levels of poverty, low education and low levels of empowerment.
Bioethicists agree that people cannot be used simply as means, but rather that they should be treated as ends in and of themselves. In response, most countries in the African Region report having formed functional ethics committees to help protect the public.
Community representatives should be intimately involved to help ensure the ethical and scientific quality of proposed research, its relevance to the affected community, and its acceptance by the affected community. Involvement should be in an early and sustained manner in the design, development, application, and the distribution of reliable data.
Reliable data from across the Region is a critical component in establishing policy, procedure and implementation of best practises.