Schistosomiasis, or bilharzia, is a disease that is caused by parasitic worms. Infestation occurs when parasites that are released by certain types of freshwater snails come in contact with the skin or are ingested.
It is estimated that at least 90% of those requiring treatment for schistosomiasis live in the African Region. Schistosomiasis is the second most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease after malaria.
The symptoms of schistosomiasis include a rash or itchy skin that is followed by fever, cough and chills. In urinary schistosomiasis, there is progressive damage to the bladder, ureters and kidneys. The urinary form of schistosomiasis is also associated with an increased risk for bladder cancer in adults. In intestinal schistosomiasis, there is progressive enlargement of the liver and spleen and intestinal damage.
It’s common for schistosoma parasites to break through the skin of persons bathing, swimming or fishing in contaminated fresh water. Women doing domestic chores in infested water, such as washing clothes are also at risk. Poor hygiene and play habits make children especially vulnerable to the infection.
It’s also important to drink safe water. Drinking water can come from rivers, lakes and reservoirs and should be boiled for at least 1 minute to kill any parasites.